One of our seasoned Python practitioners and trainers has compiled succinct, clear-cut answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about Python programming, including a rundown of Python Libraries, why Python is used for Data Science, and more. For hands-on, instructor-led training on these topics and more for your team of 3 or more, browse our Python training courses.

1. What is Python?

Python is a general-purpose, high-level, interpreted programming language for various tasks, including web development, data science, and machine learning. It is a popular language because it is easy to learn, has a large community of users, and is supported by a wide range of libraries and tools.

2. What are Some of the Most Popular Python Libraries and What are They Used For?

• NumPy: A library for scientific computing in Python. It provides a high-performance multidimensional array object, sophisticated (broadcasting) functions, tools for integrating C/C++ and Fortran code, practical linear algebra, Fourier transform, and random number capabilities.
• Pandas: A library for data analysis in Python. It provides fast, flexible, and expressive data structures that make working with "relational" data simple. It is the core high-level building block for Python's practical, real-world data analysis.
• Scikit-learn: A free ML library for Python. It features various classification, regression, clustering, and dimensionality reduction algorithms. It is also highly extensible and allows you to build and customize machine learning models.
• Django: A web framework written in Python. It is one of the most popular web frameworks in the world and is used by many large websites, including Instagram, Pinterest, and The Washington Post. Django is known for its ease of use, powerful features, and large community of developers. We also offer Django Training.
• Flask: A micro web framework written in Python. It is a lightweight framework that is easy to learn and use. Flask is often used for small projects or prototyping. However, it can also be used to build large and complex applications.

3. Why is Python Used for Data Science?

Python has become an incredibly popular choice for data science for many reasons, including:

• Readability and Simplicity: Python has a clean and readable syntax that resembles English, making it easier to understand and write code. This simplicity promotes code maintainability and collaboration within data science teams.
• Vast Ecosystem of Libraries: Python offers a rich ecosystem of libraries specifically designed for data science and machine learning. Popular libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, and Scikit-learn provide robust tools for data manipulation, analysis, visualization, and machine learning tasks.
• Data Handling Capabilities: Python's libraries, such as Pandas, provide powerful data structures (e.g., DataFrames) that facilitate data cleaning, transformation, and manipulation. These capabilities streamline the data preparation phase of a data science project.
• Extensive Statistical and Scientific Computing Libraries: Python provides libraries like SciPy and StatsModels, which offer a wide range of statistical functions and methods for scientific computing. These libraries support advanced statistical analysis and hypothesis testing.
• Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Python has gained significant popularity in the field of machine learning and deep learning. Libraries like Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, Keras, and PyTorch provide efficient tools for building and training machine learning models. Python's simplicity and the availability of these libraries have contributed to its dominance in this area.
• Flexibility and Integration: Python is a versatile language that can integrate well with other programming languages, databases, and tools. It is often used in combination with SQL, Hadoop, Spark, and other technologies, enabling seamless integration into existing data infrastructures.
• Community and Support: Python has a vibrant and active community of data scientists, researchers, and developers. This community provides extensive support through forums, online resources, and open-source contributions. The availability of community-driven packages and frameworks further enhances the efficiency and productivity of data science projects.
• Cross-platform Compatibility: Python is a cross-platform language, meaning that code written on one operating system can generally run on other platforms with minimal modifications. This flexibility allows data scientists to work on different operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, or Linux.

Overall, Python's combination of readability, a rich ecosystem of data science libraries, and its versatility, make it an excellent choice for data science projects. It empowers data scientists to efficiently tackle data-related challenges, conduct complex analyses, and build sophisticated machine learning models. To discover more about using Python for Data Science read our blog post, "Why Python is The Best Language to Use for Data Science." For group training, visit our Python for Data Science Training course catalogue.

4. How Do I Install Python?

There are several ways to install Python. The easiest way to get started on Windows and macOS is to install Python using the installer. The Python installer can be downloaded from the Python website (https://www.python.org).

On Linux, a good option is the PyEnv tool (https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv) which enables easy switching between Python versions. PyEnv works on macOS too. For Windows, there is a similar but different project named PyEnv for Windows (https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win).

Another popular option for installing Python is to install Anaconda (https://www.anaconda.com/download). Anaconda is popular in data science, scientific programming, and machine learning communities. Similar to PyEnv, Anaconda enables Python version switching. Anaconda is a very large install, so for users looking for a smaller version of Anaconda, Miniconda (https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html) can be installed instead.

5. What Are Some Python Basics?

Python is a versatile and powerful programming language with a wide range of applications. Some essential concepts of Python that every programmer should understand include:

• Variables and Data Types: Variables are used to store values, and Python supports various data types such as numbers, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, etc.
• Control Flow: Python provides control flow constructs like conditional statements (if-else), loops (for and while), and logical operators (and, or, not) to control the execution flow of a program.
• Functions: Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They help in organizing code, improving modularity, and promoting code reusability.
• File I/O: Python provides built-in functions and libraries to handle file input and output operations, allowing you to read from and write to files.
• Exception Handling: Python supports exception handling to deal with runtime errors and exceptions. It allows you to catch and handle exceptions gracefully, preventing program crashes.
• Data Structures: Python offers built-in data structures like lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries. These data structures enable efficient storage, manipulation, and retrieval of data.
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Python is an object-oriented language, allowing you to define classes, objects, and methods. OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism help in building modular and extensible code.
• Modules and Packages: Python has a vast ecosystem of modules and packages that extend its functionality. Modules are files containing Python code, while packages are directories containing multiple modules. They allow you to leverage existing code and avoid reinventing the wheel.
• Libraries and Frameworks: Python boasts a rich collection of libraries and frameworks for various domains, such as NumPy (scientific computing), Pandas (data analysis), Django (web development), and TensorFlow (machine learning). Familiarity with popular libraries and frameworks is essential for efficient development.
• Error Handling and Debugging: Python provides mechanisms for error handling and debugging, including traceback information, logging, and debugging tools like pdb (Python debugger).

These concepts lay the foundation for Python programming and empower developers to write efficient, readable, and maintainable code. Understanding these concepts will help you leverage Python's capabilities and solve a wide range of programming challenges.

Written by Eric Greene, a professional software developer and trainer specializing in Python-related technologies and applications. He has been developing software and delivering training classes for over 26 years. He is also a certified Microsoft Azure Developer and a Microsoft Certified Trainer.