Node.js Software Development

Outline

Chapter 1. Introduction to Node.js

• What Is Node.js?
• Applications of Node.js
• Installing Node.js and NPM
• "Hello, Node World!"
• How It Works
• Node.js is built on JavaScript: Benefits
• Traditional Server-Side I/O Model
• Disadvantages of the Traditional Approach
• Event-Driven, Non-Blocking I/O
• Concurrency
• Using Node Package Manager (NPM)
• The Express Server Framework
• Summary

Chapter 2. Module and Dependency Management

• Nature of a Node.js Project
• Introduction to Modules
• A Simple Module
• Using the Module
• Directory Based Modules
• Example Directory Based Module
• Using the Module
• Making a Module Executable
• Core Modules
• Loading Module from node_modules Folders
• Dependency Management Using NPM
• Installing a Package
• About Global Installation
• Setting Up Dependency
• Package Version Numbering Syntax
• Updating Packages
• Uninstalling Packages
• Alternate Dependency Management
• Summary

Chapter 3. The File System Module

• Introduction
• Basic File Manipulation
• Getting File/Directory Meta Data
• Read an Entire File
• The Buffer Class
• Writing to a File
• Reading in Chunks
• Writing in Chunks
• The open() Method
• Stream API
• The Readable Interface
• Example Reading Data in Chunks
• The Writable Interface
• Summary

Chapter 4. Events in Node JS

• Event Driven Programming
• Event Emitter
• EventEmitter Class
• EventEmitter Class – Inheritance
• The Event Loop and Event Handler
• Phases Overview
• Event Handlers
• Example (Using EventEmitter as an Object)
• Example (Inheriting from EventEmitter)
• EventEmitter Functions
• Issue with 'this' Keyword in Callback Functions
• Issue with 'this' Keyword in Callback Functions (cont.)
• Handling this Problem
• Controlling Event Callbacks in the Event Loop
• Summary

Chapter 5. Asynchronous Programming with Callbacks

• Synchronous and Asynchronous
• Callbacks
• Creating a Callback Function
• Calling The Callback Function
• Callback - Another Example
• Issue with 'this' Keyword in Callback Functions
• Handling this Problem
• Handling this Problem – Method 1 (Storing in Another Variable)
• Handling this Problem – Method 2 (Using Bind Function)
• Handling this Problem – Method 3 (Using ES6 Arrow Functions)
• Error Handling without Callback
• Error Handling with Callback
• Asynchronous Callback
• setImmediate() and nextTick()
• API Example
• Summary

Chapter 6. Asynchronous Programming with Promises

• The Problems with Callbacks
• Introduction to Promises
• Requirements for Using Promises
• Creating Promises Manually
• Calling the Promise-based Function
• Making APIs that support both callbacks and promises
• Using APIs that support both callbacks and promises
• Chaining then Method / Returning a Value or a Promise from then Method
• Promisifying Callbacks with Bluebird
• Using Bluebird
• Bluebird – List of Useful Functions
• Benefit of using Bluebird over ES6 for Promisification
• Error Handling in Promise-based asynchronous functions
• Summary

Chapter 7. Build and Dependency Management

• Introduction
• Bower Package Manager
• Managing Packages Using Bower
• Using Bower Packages
• Describing Dependency
• Grunt Build Manager
• Installing Grunt Components
• Writing a Grunt Build Script
• Running Grunt
• Running the JSHint Task
• Compiling 'Less' Files
• Compressing CSS Files
• Gulp Build Manager
• Gulp vs. Grunt
• Installing Gulp Components
• Writing a Build Script
• Running Gulp
• Compiling Less Files
• Summary

Chapter 8. Basic Web Application Development

• Introduction to the HTTP Module
• The Request Handler Callback Function
• The Server Object
• Example Use of Server Object
• The Request Object
• The Response Object
• Parsing Request Body
• Serving Static Files
• The HTTP Client API
• Making POST/PUT/etc. Requests
• Where To go from Here?
• Summary

Chapter 9. Debugging and Unit Testing

• Problem Determination Options
• Using console.log
• Using the 'debug' Logging Package
• Configure Logging
• The 'Node Inspector' Debugger
• Basic Usage of the Debugger
• Unit Testing Node.js Applications
• Getting Setup
• Writing a Test Script
• Running Unit Test
• Testing Asynchronous Code
• Using the Chai Assert API
• The Chai Expect API
• Summary

Chapter 10. Introduction to Express

• Introduction to Express
• Basic Routing Example
• Defining Routing Rules
• Route Path
• The Response Object
• Supplying URL Parameters
• Ordering of Routes
• Defining Catch-All Route
• Full Example Web Service
• Summary

Chapter 11. Express Middleware

• Introduction to Express Middleware
• Writing a Middleware Function
• Binding to a Path
• Order of Execution
• Raising Error
• Handling Error
• Serving Static Files
• Handling POST Request Body
• Enable Response Compression
• Summary

Chapter 12. Accessing MongoDB from Node.js

• Getting Started
• The Connection URL
• Obtaining a Collection
• Inserting Documents
• Updating a Document
• Querying for Documents
• Deleting a Document
• Connection Pooling
• Summary

Chapter 13. Pug Template Engine

• Introduction to Pug
• Using Pug
• A Simple Template
• Passing Data to a Template
• Basic HTML Tag Rendering
• Rendering Values
• Conditional Rendering
• Rendering a List
• Layout Template
• Creating a Layout Template
• Creating a Content Template
• Summary

Chapter 14. Clustering and Failover

• Process Management
• Managing the Process Using OS Tools
• Installing a Service in Windows
• Create an Upstart Script in Ubuntu
• Process Management Using forever
• Clustering Basics
• Example Clustered Application
• More About Clustering
• Child Process Failover
• Summary

Chapter 15. Microservices with Node.js

• Microservices
• Microservices with Node.js
• The Express Package
• Installing and Using Express
• Defining Routing Rules in Express
• Route Path
• The Response Object
• A Simple Web Service with Express Example
• Composite Services
• Example - Call an API Using a Promise
• Using the callApi() Function
• Summary

Chapter 16. Supertest and Nock

• SuperTest
• Sample Service
• Test without a Testing Framework
• Test with a Testing Framework
• Using Promises with SuperTest
• Nock
• Example
• Example – Request Body
• Using Query String
• Specifying Replies
• Summary

Chapter 17. Important Node features introduced over the years

• Node History
• Node Version Policy
• LTS Release Schedule
• Changes in Node.js
• 'npm' Modules and Native Code
• Node 4.x
• Arrow Functions
• Arrow Functions As Parameters
• Using 'this' Within Arrow Functions
• ES2015 Classes
• Declaring Classes
• Declaring Instance Methods
• Accessor Methods
• Static Methods
• Inheritance With Classes
• Generator Functions
• Generator Example
• Controlling Generator Execution - next(value)
• Controlling Generator Execution - return(value)
• Controlling Generator Execution - throw(exception)
• Generator Recursion With 'yield*'
• Tail Call Optimization
• 'const' and 'let'
• Variable Scope
• Shadowing Variables
• Node 5.x
• Spread Operator
• Node 6.x
• Rest Parameter
• Node 7.x
• Node 8.x
• Node 12.x
• ES6 Module Support
• Private Class Fields
• Node 14.x
• Diagnostic Reporting
• Diagnostic Reporting Command Arguments
• V8 Upgraded to V8.1
• Nullish Coalescing Operator
• Optional Chaining
• Intl.DisplayName
• Intl.DisplayName (contd.)
• Summary

Chapter 18. Build and dependency management with npm

• JS
• Problems and solutions
• Package managers
• npm
• npm does several things
• Holds project metadata
• npm as a package manager
• npm enables us to install JS packages locally or globally
• npm manages libraries
• Note the use of semver here
• The dependency can be...
• npm installs libraries in a controlled way
• npm installs from the Internet
• Weight
• npm config files
• Secure sites that can't use the public npm
• npm automates running
• tl;dr

Chapter 19. How to test JavaScript

• Introduction
• tl;dr
• How might you test if new passwords don't match, an error message shows?
• Thus, many tools have been developed
• These all use assertions
• Why would I want a different assertion library?
• What is unit testing? A unit test tests one unit of work
• What is NOT unit testing? ... Anything else!
• Benefits of unit testing
• Next, what is TDD?
• Benefits of TDD
• The Red Phase
• You want to write positive tests and negative tests
• The Green Phase
• Let's see how to do this with Jest
• Jest is a test runner that's evolved over many years
• To get Jest, install it with npm
• We can organize our tests in modules or suites
• describe()
• test()
• Jest's built-in assertions have expectations and matchers
• The matchers are pretty simple
• The most basic check is toBeTruthy()
• How to test for equality
• toThrow()
• Setups and teardowns
• Sharing variables between tests is easy
• How to test browser things
• Karma
• Karma is a browser test runner
• To run tests, you will tell Karma ...
• Mocha
• tl;dr
• Further study

Lab Exercises

• Lab 1. Getting Started With Node.js
• Lab 2. Basics of a Node.js Module using ES5 Functions
• Lab 3. Basics of a Node.js Module using ES6 Classes
• Lab 4. Using Node Package Manager (npm)
• Lab 5. Building Module Dependency
• Lab 6. Using the Stream API
• Lab 7. Events in Node.js
• Lab 8. Asynchronous Programming with Callbacks
• Lab 9. Asynchronous Programming with Promises
• Lab 10. Basic Web Application Development
• Lab 11. Debugging a Node.js Application
• Lab 12. Introduction to Unit Testing
• Lab 13. Logging with Morgan
• Lab 14. Web Service Using Express
• Lab 15. Using MongoDB
• Lab 16. Using the Pug Template Engine
• Lab 17. Clustering a Node.js Application
• Lab 18. MicroServices with Node
• Lab 19. Test RESTful API with Supertest
• Lab 20. Mock RESTful API with Nock